Sunday, December 22, 2019

Memory - Working Memory - Baddeley's Research



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baddeley%27s_model_of_working_memory


Baddeley's Model of Working Memory is a model of human memory proposed by Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch in 1974, in an attempt to present a more accurate model of primary memory (often referred to as short-term memory). Working memory splits primary memory into multiple components, rather than considering it to be a single, unified construct.

Baddeley & Hitch proposed their three-part working memory model as an alternative to the short-term store in Atkinson & Shiffrin's 'multi-store' memory model (1968). This model is later expanded upon by Baddeley and other co-workers to add a fourth component, and has become the dominant view in the field of working memory. However, alternative models are developing (see working memory), providing a different perspective on the working memory system.


More recent work on working memory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_memory

Dancing in the Dark - The Privilege of Participating in God’s Ministry in the World

Dancing in the Dark, Revised Edition: The Privilege of Participating in God’s Ministry in the World

Graham Buxton
Wipf and Stock Publishers, 08-Nov-2016 - Religion - 334 pages

Christians are often tempted to encapsulate God in their own little boxes, as if God could be tied down to our finite way of thinking. But we can neither domesticate nor fully understand God, for theology has a lot to do with coming to terms with the mystery of God. This revised edition of Dancing in the Dark--shaped, as in the first edition, by the two overarching themes of God as Trinity and a theology of participation--embraces the notion of mystery in presenting a compelling vision of seeing all things finally united within the inner life of God. As we engage in Christian ministry, we are summoned to participate as grace-filled faith communities in the triune God's immeasurably loving and healing work in the world, leading those who are in darkness into an awareness of the God who imparts life in all its glorious abundance, that which is so . . . and a journey into the mystery of that which is to come. The liberating ministry of the gospel is both a declaration and an invitation--an invitation to the dance!

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=uUOcDQAAQBAJ

Monday, October 28, 2019

Experimental Approach to Alleviating Global Poverty - Economic Sciences Nobel Prize 2019



Research of Nobel Prize Winners

In one widely noted experiment, Duflo and Banerjee found that immunization rates for children in rural India jump dramatically (from 5 percent to 39 percent) when their families are offered modest incentives for immunization, such as lentils.

They have also studied educational issues extensively  uncovering new results about improvements in student achievement (when classes are divided into small groups) and ways to improve teacher attendance.

The topics of research include fertilizer use by Kenyan farmers, physician training in India, HIV prevention in Africa, the effects of small-scale lending programs, and the impact of aid programs in Indonesia.

In one study conducted on three continents, Duflo and Banerjee also reported significant welfare gains from an intervention that helps the poor simultaneously in multiple ways, including job training, productive assets, and health information.

Duflo and Banerjee have published dozens of research papers, together and with other co-authors. They have also co-written two books together, “Poor Economics” (2011) and the forthcoming “Good Economics for Hard Times” (2019).
http://news.mit.edu/2019/esther-duflo-abhijit-banerjee-win-2019-nobel-prize-economics-1014

Abhijit Banerjee Papers - MIT Website
https://economics.mit.edu/faculty/banerjee/papers

Abhijit Banerjee Papers - -NBER Website
https://www.nber.org/people/abhijit_banerjee




PUTTING A BAND-AID ON A CORPSE: INCENTIVES FOR NURSES IN THE INDIAN PUBLIC HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
Abhijit V. Banerjee, Rachel Glennerster, and Esther Duflo
J Eur Econ Assoc. 2008; 6(2-3): 487–500.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826809/



The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2019

Abhijit Banerjee
Esther Duflo
Michael Kremer

Press release: The Prize in Economic Sciences 2019


14 October 2019

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2019 to

Abhijit Banerjee
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA

Esther Duflo
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA

Michael Kremer
Harvard University, Cambridge, USA

“for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty”



Their research is helping us fight poverty
The research conducted by this year’s Laureates has considerably improved our ability to fight global poverty. In just two decades, their new experiment-based approach has transformed development economics, which is now a flourishing field of research.

Despite recent dramatic improvements, one of humanity’s most urgent issues is the reduction of global poverty, in all its forms. More than 700 million people still subsist on extremely low incomes. Every year, around five million children under the age of five still die of diseases that could often have been prevented or cured with inexpensive treatments. Half of the world’s children still leave school without basic literacy and numeracy skills.

This year’s Laureates have introduced a new approach to obtaining reliable answers about the best ways to fight global poverty. In brief, it involves dividing this issue into smaller, more manageable, questions – for example, the most effective interventions for improving educational outcomes or child health. They have shown that these smaller, more precise, questions are often best answered via carefully designed experiments among the people who are most affected.

In the mid-1990s, Michael Kremer and his colleagues demonstrated how powerful this approach can be, using field experiments to test a range of interventions that could improve school results in western Kenya.

Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo, often with Michael Kremer, soon performed similar studies of other issues and in other countries. Their experimental research methods now entirely dominate development economics.

The Laureates’ research findings – and those of the researchers following in their footsteps – have dramatically improved our ability to fight poverty in practice. As a direct result of one of their studies, more than five million Indian children have benefitted from effective programmes of remedial tutoring in schools. Another example is the heavy subsidies for preventive healthcare that have been introduced in many countries.

These are just two examples of how this new research has already helped to alleviate global poverty. It also has great potential to further improve the lives of the worst-off people around the world.

Illustrations
The illustrations are free to use for non-commercial purposes. Attribute ”© Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences”

Illustration: Difference productivity (pdf)
Illustration: Improved educational outcomes (pdf)
Illustration: Vaccination rates (pdf)

Read more about this year’s prize
Popular science background: Research to help the world’s poor
Scientific Background: Understanding development and poverty alleviation



Abhijit Banerjee, born 1961 in Mumbai, India. Ph.D. 1988 from Harvard University, Cambridge, USA. Ford Foundation International Professor of Economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.

Esther Duflo, born 1972 in Paris, France. Ph.D. 1999 from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA. Abdul Latif Jameel Professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.

Michael Kremer, born 1964 in New York, USA. Ph.D. 1992 from Harvard University, Cambridge, USA. Gates Professor of Developing Societies at Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.



The Prize amount: 9 million Swedish krona, to be shared equally between the Laureates


The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, founded in 1739, is an independent organisation whose overall objective is to promote the sciences and strengthen their influence in society. The Academy takes special responsibility for the natural sciences and mathematics, but endeavours to promote the exchange of ideas between various disciplines.

Nobel Prize® is a registered trademark of the Nobel Foundation.


Press release: The Prize in Economic Sciences 2019. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2019. Mon. 28 Oct 2019.
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2019/press-release/


Related News



MIT Function to felicitate professors Abhijit and Duflo

http://news.mit.edu/2019/esther-duflo-abhijit-banerjee-win-2019-nobel-prize-economics-1014


https://qz.com/1727604/banerjee-duflo-and-kremer-win-2019-nobel-prize-in-economics-for-poverty-research/

https://www.bloombergquint.com/economy-finance/abhijit-banerjee-nobel-laureate-economic-writer-directorand-cook

Tuesday, October 8, 2019

Sociology - Bulletin - Information Board



2019

Scientists Create Global Map of Labor Flow
Aug 5, 2019 by News Staff 
A team of scientists from Indiana University and the professional network LinkedIn has created the first global map of labor flow.
http://www.sci-news.com/othersciences/sociology/global-labor-flow-map-07460.html


Association for Applied and Clinical Sociology
We are pleased to announce the Call for Participation for the 2019 Association for Applied and Clinical Sociology Annual Meeting
The Profession of Sociological Practice
October 17-19 in Portland, Oregon
https://www.aacsnet.net/


Book: Sociology (Boundless)  - Free Online
Last updatedJun 23, 2019
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/Book%3A_Sociology_(Boundless)


Back to the Shop Floor: Behavioural Insights from Workplace Sociology
Andrew Pendleton, Ben Lupton, Andrew Rowe,
First Published May 29, 2019 Research Article
Full article view
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0950017019847940

Sociology of Industry - Industrial Sociology - Books - Bibliography



INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY

Narendar SINGH
2012
Tata McGraw-Hill Education

This book attempts to show the theories illuminate present Industrial Sociological problems by introducing contemporary thinkers and their research. This book is strictly as per the recommended by UGC Committee of curriculum development as most universities are adopting the same. Industrial Sociology is a sub field of Sociology as per UGC. It is part of the curriculum of sociology. The Syllabus as recommended for Under Graduate and Post Graduate courses.
https://books.google.co.in/books/about/INDUSTRIAL_SOCIOLOGY.html?id=NeD2W2zuTXoC

Sunday, October 6, 2019

Psychology Google Books - Bibliography




Introduction to Psychology

Lionel Nicholas
Juta and Company Ltd, 2008 - Psychology - 414 pages, 2nd ed.

Completely revised and updated, this newly illustrated guide helps both licensed and student nurses apply the latest in psychological research and theory to their everyday lives. Sensation, perception, cognitive processes, and developmental psychology are among the topics discussed. A brief history of the field and new information on HIV and AIDS are also included. 
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=MP5X2SK2DCgC

Karl Mannheim - Contribution to Sociology




The Anthem Companion to Karl Mannheim
Volker Meja, David Kettler

Anthem Press, 15-Dec-2017 - Social Science - 234 pages

“The Anthem Companion to Karl Mannheim” helps us to accompany him in his open, experimental thinking, the generation of new questions, the recognition of thought experiments as well as the care for controlling evidence, and his negotiations with colleagues he encounters in his own searches.
He is justly honored as a sociologist of repute. Sociology of knowledge is a project, not a creed; and “Ideology and Utopia” is a documentation, not a scripture.

“The Anthem Companion to Karl Mannheim” offers fresh commentaries and explorations by an international and presently active group of scholars. As the institutionalized understanding of Mannheim’s sociology of knowledge project was so long shaped by the synthetic reading by the American sociologist Robert K. Merton—a reputed sociologist  in his own right––the companion opens with a careful exposition and critique of that authoritative interpretation. It is followed by a close reading of the considerations that led Mannheim to move beyond the neo-Kantian epistemology of his earlier training to the project of a sociological understanding of critical knowledge. Next to come is a series of studies that marked by perspectives derived from intellectual strategies developed since the breakdown of consensus on the approaches examined in the previous section. In their variety, the studies capture a number of perspectives opened up or expanded by an understanding of Mannheim’s undertaking. The key terms are familiar: self-reflexivity, praxeological sociology, neo-realism, and dramatistic readings of world-views. The angles of vision differ, but they agree in projecting new and important light on Mannheim’s efforts. At the end, attention is focused on some unfamiliar links between Mannheim’s work and current interests: a study of Mannheim’s influence on Hannah Arendt, who knew him as teacher in Heidelberg and Frankfurt; an inquiry into Mannheim’s political thought from the standpoint of contemporary democratic political theory; and an examination of Mannheim’s attention to the status of women and of the work done on these matters under his tutelage by a group of talented women students.

The aim  of “The Anthem Companion to Karl Mannheim”  is to learn from Karl Mannheim.

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ZvtIDwAAQBAJ


Karl Mannheim is included in Sociological Thought Book, ny Francis Abraham and JOhn Henry Morgan, 1985.

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Auguste Comte - Sociology



In the religion of humanity, "Live for Others" will be the supreme commandment, Love its major principle, Order its basis and Progress its aim.  - Auguste Comte. Mentioned in Page 18 of Sociological Thought: From Comte to Sorokin, by Francis Abraham and John Henry Morgan, Macmillan India, New Delhi, 1985.

Wednesday, February 6, 2019

Psychology - Class XI - CBSE



You can download the NCERT Book from

http://ncertbooks.prashanthellina.com/class_11.Psychology.IntroductiontoPsychology/index.html


Psychology Class 11 Syllabus
Exam Structure
Unit Topic Marks
I What is Psychology? 7
II Methods of Enquiry in Psychology 10
III The Bases of Human Behaviour 8
IV Human Development 6
V Sensory, Attentional and Perceptual Processes 8
VI Learning 9
VII Human Memory 8
VIII Thinking 7
IX Motivation and Emotion 7
  Total 70


Unit I: What is psychology?
Introduction
What is Psychology?
Psychology as a Discipline
Psychology as a Natural Science
Psychology as a Social Science
Understanding Mind and Behaviour
Popular Notions about the Discipline of Psychology
Evolution of Psychology
Development of Psychology in India
Branches of Psychology
Themes of Research and Applications
Psychology and Other Disciplines
Psychologists at Work
Psychology in Everyday Life


Unit II: Methods of Enquiry in Psychology
Introduction
Goals of Psychological Enquiry
Steps in Conducting Scientific Research
Alternative Paradigms of Research
Nature of Psychological Data
Some Important Methods in Psychology
Observational Method
Experimental Method
Correlational Research
Survey Research
Psychological Testing
Case Study
Analysis of Data
Quantitative Method
Qualitative Method
Limitations of Psychological Enquiry
Ethical Issues


Unit III: The Bases of Human Behaviour
Introduction
Evolutionary Perspective
Biological and Cultural Roots

Biological Basis of Behaviour
Neurons
Structure and Functions of Nervous System and
Endocrine System and their Relationship with
Behaviour and Experience
The Nervous System
The Endocrine System

Heredity: Genes and Behaviour

Cultural Basis : Socio-Cultural Shaping of Behaviour
Concept of Culture
Enculturation
Socialisation
Acculturation

Unit IV: Human Development
Introduction
Meaning of Development
Life-Span Perspective on Development
Factors Influencing Development
Context of Development
Overview of Developmental Stages
Prenatal Stage
Infancy
Childhood
Challenges of Adolescence
Adulthood and Old Age

Unit V: Sensory, Attentional, and Perceptual Processes
Introduction
Knowing the world
Nature and varieties of Stimulus
Sense Modalities
Visual Sensation
Auditory Sensation
Attentional Processes
Selective Attention
Sustained Attention
Perceptual Processes
Processing Approaches in Perception
The Perceiver
Principles of Perceptual Organisation
Perception of Space, Depth, and Distance
Monocular Cues and Binocular Cues
Perceptual Constancies
Illusions
Socio-Cultural Influences on Perception

Unit VI: Learning
Introduction
Nature of Learning
Paradigms of Learning
Classical Conditioning
Determinants of Classical Conditioning
Operant/Instrumental Conditioning
Determinants of Operant Conditioning
Key Learning Processes
Observational Learning
Cognitive Learning
Verbal Learning
Concept Learning
Skill Learning
Transfer of Learning
Factors Facilitating Learning
The Learner: Learning Styles
Learning Disabilities
Applications of Learning Principles

Unit VII: Human Memory
Introduction
Nature of memory
Information processing Approach: The Stage Model
Memory Systems : Sensory, Short-term and Long-term Memories
Levels of Processing
Types of Long-term Memory
Declarative and Procedural; Episodic and Semantic
Knowledge Representation and Organisation in Memory
Memory as a Constructive Process
Nature and Causes of Forgetting
Forgetting due to Trace Decay, Interference and Retrieval Failure
Enhancing Memory
Mnemonics using Images and Organisation

Unit VIII: Thinking
Introduction
Nature of Thinking
Building Blocks of Thought
The Processes of Thinking
Problem Solving
Reasoning
Decision-making
Nature and Process of Creative Thinking
Nature of Creative Thinking
Process of Creative Thinking
Developing Creative Thinking
Barriers to Creative Thinking
Strategies for Creative Thinking
Thought and Language
Development of Language and Language Use

Unit IX: Motivation and Emotion
Introduction
Nature of Motivation
Types of Motives
Biological Motives
Psychosocial Motives
Maslow‟s Hierarchy of Needs
Nature of Emotions
Physiological Bases of Emotions
Cognitive Bases of Emotions
Cultural Bases of Emotions
Expression of Emotions
Culture and Emotional Expression
Culture and Emotional Labelling
Managing Negative Emotions
Enhancing Positive Emotions

https://www.cbsesyllabus.in/class-11/psychology-class-11-syllabus

Sunday, February 3, 2019

Logotherapy - Viktor Frankl


The  therapy, named "logotherapy," was recognized as the third school of Viennese therapy after Freud's psychoanalysis and Alfred Adler's individual psychology.

https://www.verywellmind.com/an-overview-of-victor-frankl-s-logotherapy-4159308